What Is Unconditional Positive Regard in Psychology

Unconditional positive regard, a concept from Rogerian psychotherapy, is the practice of showing nonjudgmental acceptance and warmth towards therapy clients. According to Rogers, unconditional positive regard is a key component of successful therapy. When clients feel accepted and understood by their therapist, they are more equipped to develop positive views about themselves and act in ways that improve their lives. Key Takeaways: Unconditional Positive Regard Unconditional positive regard is a term coined by psychologist Carl Rogers, the founder of person-centered psychotherapy.For therapists, practicing unconditional positive regard means communicating acceptance, warmth, and understanding to clients.Within Rogerian therapy, unconditional positive regard is considered a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship, as it helps clients cultivate unconditional positive self-regard. Unconditional Positive Regard and Humanistic Psychology Unconditional positive regard is an essential component of person-centered or Rogerian therapy, a therapeutic approach developed by psychologist Carl Rogers. In Rogerian therapy, a therapist listens and allows clients to decide for themselves what to discuss. The therapist’s role is to develop a better understanding of the client (or, in Rogerian terms, to cultivate empathic understanding), to be authentic and genuine in their interactions with clients, and to accept the client in a nonjudgmental, compassionate way. That nonjudgmental, compassionate acceptance is what Rogers termed unconditional positive regard. Rogerian therapy is considered a humanistic approach to psychology because it emphasizes people’s capabilities to grow and change for the better, focusing on strengths and potential rather than weakness. Benefits of Unconditional Positive Regard In Rogers’ theory, all humans need to feel good about themselves. As a result, we often end up developing contingent positive regard—that is, we feel good about ourselves only to the extent that we believe we are living up to certain standards. Individuals with contingent positive regard might feel positively about themselves only to the extent that they view themselves as a good student, a good employee, or a supportive partner. If they fail to meet those criteria, they experience anxiety. Unconditional positive regard is considered beneficial in Rogerian therapy because it helps clients develop unconditional positive self-regard. Clients may be accustomed to judging themselves harshly, but when they experience a therapists unconditional positive regard, they can develop an ability to accept themselves unconditionally. Unconditional positive regard is also considered beneficial in therapy because it helps clients to open up during therapy sessions without having to worry about being judged. How Therapists Provide Unconditional Positive Regard From a therapists perspective, unconditional positive regard means having warm, positive feelings towards the client and accepting the client for who he or she is. It also means being nonjudgmental, which could seem counterintuitive if a client reports behavior that is socially undesirable. However, Rogerian psychologists believe that it is important for therapists to attempt to communicate unconditional positive regard at all times. This therapeutic approach is influenced by the Rogerian believe that people are motivated to improve themselves and behave in positive ways. In this light, as psychologist Stephen Joseph explains in a blog for Psychology Today, practicing unconditional positive regard means realizing that, even if a behavior seems unhealthy or maladaptive, the client may have simply been trying their hardest to deal with a difficult situation. For example, imagine that a therapist has a client who shoplifted. Shoplifting is not a desirable behavior, but the therapist practicing unconditional positive regard would consider the fact that the client might have been facing difficult financial circumstances with few other options. When clients behave negatively, Rogerian therapists try to refrain from passing judgments, and instead respect clients’ autonomy. In Rogerian therapy, the therapist will work to try to better understand the client’s situation and the factors that led to their behavior. Through therapy sessions, the client can work to develop more adaptive ways of responding to their environment; importantly, however, clients—and not the therapists—are ultimately the ones to decide what changes they want to implement in their lives. The therapist’s role isn’t to pass judgment on the client’s behavior, but rather to provide a supportive environment where clients can bring about positive change themselves. The Influence of Rogers’ Ideas Today, many psychologists try to cultivate unconditional positive regard when working with clients, even if they don’t strictly identify as Rogerian therapists. Unconditional positive regard is often an important element of the therapeutic relationship, which is crucial for achieving positive outcomes in therapy. Sources Bozarth, Jerold D. â€Å"Unconditional Positive Regard.† The Handbook of Person-Centred Psychotherapy and Counselling, 2nd ed., edited by Mick Cooper, Maureen OHara, Peter F. Schmid, and Arthur C. Bohart, Palgrave Macmillan, 2013, pp. 180-192.Joseph, Stephen. â€Å"Unconditional Positive Regard.† Psychology Today (2012, Oct. 7). https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/what-doesnt-kill-us/201210/unconditional-positive-regardLickerman, Alex. â€Å"Unconditional Positive Regard.† Psychology Today (2012, Oct 7). https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/happiness-in-world/201210/unconditional-positive-regardNoel, Sarah. â€Å"The Healing Power of the Therapeutic Relationship.† GoodTherapy.org (2010, Oct. 15). https://www.goodtherapy.org/blog/person-centered-rogerian-therapy/Rogers, Carl R. â€Å"The Necessary and Sufficient Conditions of Therapeutic Personality Change.† Journal of Consulting Psychology 21.2 (1957): 95-103. http://psycnet.apa.org/record/19 59-00842-001â€Å"Unconditional Positive Regard.† GoodTherapy.org (2015, Aug. 28). https://www.goodtherapy.org/blog/psychpedia/unconditional-positive-regard

Essay about Starting a Business Online, Part 1 - 2356 Words

Abstract Before deciding on whether or not to engage in e-Commerce, a business must look at several factors in order to determine if they are ready and able to do everything needed in order to make it successful. Companies should initially perform a SWOT analysis in order to determine if selling products online would be beneficial to the overall company. They also need to make sure they understand they will be dealing with customers all over the world and are willing to take on the work involved to know all of the legalities involved. Taking a business online opens up a world of opportunities but also presents new challenges and difficulties. A company has to be able to spend the time and money in order to do the necessary research so†¦show more content†¦If the local clothing store is doing well because of excellent in-store customer service, that will not carry over to selling more clothing on the Internet to people who have never been in the store. Threats to the success of entering online sales that do not exist in a store are competition and fraud. Once a store decides to sell online, they are competing against every other clothing store on the Internet (Tattrie). On the Jersey Shore boardwalk, the competition is limited to other store on the boardwalk and immediate area. Customers there are going to be in the mood to buy there and will buy what they like from the limited places that are there. However, when shopping online, customers will be able to choose from a countless number of stores. Selling clothing online will also open the company up to more fraud. When you sell something online, you have no idea who the customer actually is. Someone might place a large order online and it end up being credit card fraud. If this happens too many times, the losses might be so great that if forces the company out of business. International Business Issues Once a business engages in e-Commerce it becomes connected to computers all over the world making it an international business in an instant. Key issues that a business faces when it conducts international commerce include trust, culture, language, government, andShow MoreRelatedWhy Do You Go An Online Business? Essay1294 Words   |  6 Pagesplans to start their own internet business. Others nurture online business ideas that they think will shake the web for long-time before taking the leap of entrepreneurship. While there is nothing bad in dreaming big, it is important to keep the realities of starting and running an online business in mind. When it comes to starting a web business, there are hundreds of details to be mastered but let’s just focus on 11Cs under the most critical phases of starting an e-venture. 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Case Analysis of Facebook free essay sample

Facebook Case Analysis Michael M Chevalier Kaplan University MT460: Management Policy and Strategy Instructor Diane August 29, 2010 Case analysis of Facebook Facebook (originally The facebook) is a social networking website launched in February 2004 by Mark Zuckerberg, then 23, while studying psychology at Harvard University. Membership was initially limited to students of Harvard College, but soon the social site was subsequently extended to other Boston universities, the Ivy League and eventually all US universities. It became Facebook. com in August 2005 after the sites address was obtained for a relatively meager $200,000. By the end of the following year it was also open to high schools. As of September 2006, Facebook was extended beyond educational associations to anybody with a registered email address. They have over 175 million active users worldwide currently and are growing every day. Review/Analysis of the Case Facebook is a way to meet friends and keep up on what they are doing. The friends that you can make on Facebook are Just one of the many benefits. A member of Facebook can Join groups to meet people, or browse the profiles and discover new friends. Another one of those added values includes diversity. This means that although you are in the United States, you could develop an online friendship with someone in the U. K. or Japan. On the occasion you add a friend to your Facebook friend list you will log in to keep abreast of when they have added updates to their blog or new elements like adding photos and photo albums to their profile. Facebooks has a classmate finder and also a co-worker search is excellent for finding friends as well. You are given the opportunity to make new friends, and learning is always a good thing, you might educate yourself about new ways of life or new languages. Facebook revenues are primarily made from advertising. That is why there are banner ads on Facebook. Facebook has backers including PayPal co-founder Peter Thiel, Accel Partners, and Greylock Partners. In 2007, Microsoft thought it lucrative and invested $246 million for a 1. 6% share in the social site. Facebook is now worth as much as $33. 7 billion based on secondary market transactions (The secondary market is what people are talking about when they refer to the stock market. This includes the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE), Nasdaq and all major exchanges around the world. ). Common stock in Facebook is trading as high as $76 a hare before it files for an initial public offering. Facebook has more than 500 million active users at this time while 50% of active users log on to its site in any given day. Another statistic is that an average user has 130 friends. Its staggering to note that Analysis of Findings Social networking sites function is to bring people together mutually in an online community of Internet patrons. The online community shares general interests in hobbies, events, schools, religion, or politics. Once an individual is granted access to a social networking site they can begin to socialize. This socialization may embrace eading the profile pages of other members and possibly even contacting them. Facebook is the great equalizer in bringing people together; all you require is access to a PC, Mac or laptop that is connected to the Internet. The facebook started out as a simple programming endeavor by an aspiring Harvard student that allowed a campus to familiarize itself with one another then flourished into an ever increasing tool of communication spanning as far as the Internet access would allow. Social networking is by no means a novel idea. Networking has been around as long as civilization has existed. The Internet has exponentially grown since the early 90s bring more users with it as computers became more and more accessible to the community. It was at the vector of Internet accessibility, expanding practicability, and social adventure that produced what we know as Facebook today. Marketing has formed an alliance with the Facebook business enterprise, each relying on the other to bring profitability to both parties. Established name brands like PayPal and Microsoft have bought into the Facebook fortune even prior to any IPO registered on the stock market. Coca-Cola is planning a big media campaign on Facebook and it ppears that foreign investors want a piece of the action too. Recommendations Facebook has developed a brand that sets its appeal apart from other social networking sites. The number of members is virtually limitless. Defining itself further through innovation of social-centric functions will serve to enhance the practicality of Facebook, i. e. Direct uploads of mobile phone camera images and text through a WAP connection to be posted in real-time events on a members profile. Membership security must be upheld in above all circumstances. Facebook users must be informed regularly about how to be proactive in securing their profiles. Simple security parameters easily set through predefined checkboxes, multiple choice scroll downs with click and save controls help to make the users confident and reassured about the process. Summary and Conclusions Sometimes its Just dumb luck that transpires to greater things Facebook one such evolvement. A college sophomore who started locally now has the authority of billions of dollars because of his enlightened venture. However, power without savvy has brought other great endeavors down in short order. Remember the Internet bubble of the late Nineties? Operating a social networking site must be in constant motion, rying new ways to create value added communication applications. Marketing integration is a necessary marriage of practicality and business Facebook was once a college campus student only resource for networking, but now a greater encompassing mixture of members will either be stimulated by the ads or perhaps will be unaffected by a calling to buy a particular product.

Experiences of Divorced Women versus Divorced Men Essay Example

Experiences of Divorced Women versus Divorced Men Essay Marital divorce can be a very painful experience for both the parties. But it can affect the genders in quite different ways. It is a well known fact that divorce rates in advanced nations are quite high compared to that of developing and under-developed nations. The United States and Europe have gained notoriety for their very high divorce rates. Divorce rates are far lesser in much of the rest of the world. But across various cultures, societies remain stratified in terms of gender, â€Å"with women having less economic, political, and social power than men. Because gender differences are constructed and reflected in daily interaction, the experience of marriage is quite different for men and women. The same is likely to be true of divorce.† (Amato, 2004, p.207) It then becomes interesting to look at how divorce affects the two genders. The following passages will argue that despite conventional notions about divorce being more traumatic for women than men, in realit y both genders have an equally tough time of it, albeit in different areas. Firstly, statistics released by U.S. Census Bureau shows that while divorce rates hovered around the 2 percent mark during the 1980s, it has shot up to more than 15 percent currently. One should remember that this statistic excludes those people who remarried again. So, if divorce were to be counted even if the current marital status has changed, then a mind-boggling 60 percent of American adults have gone through this painful event in their lives. But since in advanced societies women tend to be economically independent, they are better able to handle the period post divorce than women in the rest of the world. That women are able to handle the crisis is not to say that their standard of living does not fall. Statistics point out that the responsibility of rearing children can sap away financial resources of the woman, although the ones getting regular alimony stand a better chance of sailing through the crisis. Also, compared to recently divorced men, recently divorced women have less labor force experience, putting them at a disadvantage in availing of job opportunities. (Amato, 2004, p.207) Public support for divorced mothers are also limited, at best offering modest help for a short period of time. As a result of this condition, most divorced women think that the only sustainable solution to their problems is through remarriage, which they usually do within a few years of divorce. Of course, in the case of men, there is no noticeable decrease in their standards of living post divorce. We will write a custom essay sample on Experiences of Divorced Women versus Divorced Men specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Experiences of Divorced Women versus Divorced Men specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Experiences of Divorced Women versus Divorced Men specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Social adjustment is another area where the genders fare differently. Social acceptance of divorce is gaining ground steadily and today there is less stigma attached to the idea of divorce. But at the same time, in the period following a divorce both men and women are experiencing decreased social support and companionship. This is particularly true if they have custody of children. It is also learnt that there are common problems faced by both divorced men and women: â€Å"Between employment, household management, and child care, single parents have little time left over for establishing and maintaining social networks. Also, divorced people often find that they have less in common with married friends. In addition, whereas married people can draw on the spouse’s family for assistance and companionship, divorced individuals typically find that former in-laws withdraw over time. Furthermore, divorced people have a high level of residential mobility which tends to disrupt relationships with neighbors, friends, and community organizations. Overall, divorced and separated individuals report smaller social networks and less social support than do married individuals.† (Amato, 2004, p.208) There is also the important aspect of psychological adjustment post divorce. Divorce can be an emotionally upheaving event and can entail acute emotional distress. Older studies have shown that women are more psychologically affected compared to men, although there are instances of exception to this rule. Also, women are more likely to suffer from psychosomatic symptoms, mental depression, and overall unhappiness during the period of marital disruption. But they slowly and steadily regain their normal levels of happiness and wellbeing within two years of divorce. Newer studies, on the other hand, add a new dimension to the analysis, namely that of the ‘process initiator. In other words, who initiated the divorce process is also an important factor in determining psychological wellbeing post divorce. Those women who took the initiative to press for divorce, bounced back more quickly than others. Men, on the other hand, seem to have a tougher time of it, showing inadequat e adjustment and increased morbidity. Moreover, since women usually win the custody of children, they find fulfilment in their parental role. And the deprivation of the same makes men prone to depression. (Sheets Braver, 1996, p.337) Divorce settlements are another area where the experiences of the genders differ. Since men are expected to be the breadwinners of the family and usually earn more than women, it would be intuitive to believe that they would be satistfied with divorce settlements. But contrary to this commonly-held belief, â€Å"Women indicate greater satisfaction with custody, visitation, financial (excepting child support), and property settlements. Three explanations for these results are explored. The findings suggest that it is a perceived inequitable process, rather than a perceived inequitable outcome, that most contributes to dissatisfaction with a final divorce decree.† (Sheets Braver, 1996, p.338) Finally, a key area where gender responses to divorce differs is mortality. Studies indicate that men’s relative mortality ratio after divorce is significantly higher than women’s. Beyond the value of such a disparity within the academic, the phenomenon is a genuine cause for concern for psychologists and marriage cousellors. (Hemstrom, 1996, p.266) Several recent studies have identified a link between marriage dissolution and mortality. â€Å"When socioeconomic status group, labor force status, and children in the household were added to the intensity regression, the excess mortality found among those groups that had experienced marriage dissolution decreased but did not disappear. Thus, part of this excess mortality rate is due to lower socioeconomic status, low labor force participation, and fewer children in the household among those who have experienced marriage dissolution. This applies especially to men.† (Hemstrom, 1996, p.266) People who remarried (of both genders) had a higher rate of mortality compared to those who never experienced divorce. This suggests that divorce can make an individual vulnerable to chronic health problems (some of them even terminal illnesses). â€Å"The fact that men often become involved in the divorce process at a later stage than women might lead to a stronger reaction immediately after divorce and may result in higher rates of sick leave, increased alcohol consumption, and negative health effects. Unskilled workers are the ones most likely to lose their jobs in such situations. Similarly, divorced women who do not participate in the labor force seem to experience stress or hardships that strongly affect their survival chances.† (Hemstrom, 1996, p.266) In conclusion, both men and women face an array of issues and transition problems in the period after divorce. While women were previously believed to be the worser affected of the two parties, greater financial independence and political emancipation had alleviated some of their problems. That women have custody of children also helps them in moving on from the trauma. And contrary to popular beliefs, men are particularly vulnerable to the negative effects of divorce, especially if they are from low socio-economic background. While men gain in terms of standard of living, they also exhibit higher mortality rates as a divorcee. This further strenghens the thesis that both genders face formidable challenges in their lives as divorcees. Bibliography: Amato, Paul R. â€Å"The Impact of Divorce on Men and Women in India and the United States.† Journal of Comparative Family Studies 25.2 (2004): 207+. Hemstrom, Orjan. â€Å"Is Marriage Dissolution Linked to Differences in Mortality Risks for Men and Women?.† Journal of Marriage and the Family 58.2 (1996): 366+. Lyons, Angela C., and Jonathan Fisher. â€Å"Gender Differences in Debt Repayment Problems after Divorce.† Journal of Consumer Affairs 40.2 (2006): 324+. Sheets, Virgil L., and Sanford L. Braver. â€Å"Gender Differences in Satisfaction with Divorce Settlements.† Family Relations 45.3 (1996): 336+.